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Eating out of phase with the biological clock induces circadian misalignment in peripheral organs and impairs glucose tolerance in preclinical models. Time‐restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary approach that consolidates energy intake to 6 to 10 hours during the biologically active phase of the day, without necessarily altering diet quality and quantity. TRE induces pleiotropic metabolic benefits in...
Objective
This study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on mRNA levels of peripheral clock genes in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women with obesity.
Methods
Women were randomized to one of two IF protocols and provided with all foods at 100% or 70% of calculated weekly energy requirements for 8 weeks. Breakfast was consumed before a 24‐hour fast,...
Objective
Exercise has been shown to improve cardiometabolic health, yet neither the molecular connection nor the effects of exercise timing have been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ad libitum or time‐restricted mild exercise reduces atherosclerosis development in atherosclerosis‐prone dyslipidemic APOE*3‐Leiden.CETP mice and whether mild exercise training in men with...
Objective
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells are most sensitive to short wavelengths and reach brain regions that modulate biological rhythms and energy metabolism. The increased exposure nowadays to artificial light at night (ALAN), especially short wavelengths, perturbs our synchronization with the 24‐hour solar cycle. Here, the time‐ and wavelength dependence of the metabolic...
Objective
Eating out of phase with the endogenous biological clock alters clock and metabolic gene expression in rodents and can induce obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet composition can also affect clock gene expression. This study assessed the combined effect of diet composition and feeding time on (1) body composition, (2) energy balance, and (3) circadian expression of hepatic clock and...
Objective
Epidemiological studies show that shift workers are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. As modern societies increasingly require shift work, it seems crucial to determine whether there are long‐lasting health effects of rotational shifts.
Methods
This study examined the after‐effects of 4 weeks of time‐restricted feeding (TRF) during the light period (= light‐fed) in rats, an animal...
To be prepared for alternating metabolic demands occurring over the 24‐hour day, the body preserves information on time in skeletal muscle, and in all cells, through a circadian‐clock mechanism. Skeletal muscle can be considered the largest collection of peripheral clocks in the body, with a major contribution to whole‐body energy metabolism. Comparison of circadian‐clock gene expression between skeletal...
Over the past 10 to 15 years, intermittent fasting has emerged as an unconventional approach to reduce body weight and improve metabolic health beyond simple calorie restriction. In this review, we summarize findings related to Ramadan and Sunnah fasting. We then discuss the role of caloric restriction not only as an intervention for weight control, but importantly, as a strategy for healthy aging...
Objective
The circadian system provides an organism with the ability to anticipate daily food availability and appropriately coordinate metabolic responses. Few studies have simultaneously assessed factors involved in both the anticipation of energy availability (i.e., hormones involved in appetite regulation) and subsequent metabolic responses (such as energy expenditure and substrate oxidation)...
Diurnal oscillations in energy metabolism are linked to the activity of biological clocks and contribute to whole‐body glucose homeostasis. Postprandially, skeletal muscle takes up approximately 80% of circulatory glucose and hence is a key organ in maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation of molecular clock components in skeletal muscle disrupts whole‐body glucose homeostasis. Next to light‐dark...
Lately, the incidence of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes has shown a staggering increase. To prevent and treat these conditions, one must look at their etiology. As life on earth has evolved under the conditions of nature’s 24‐hour light/dark cycle, it seems likely that exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) would affect physiology. Indeed, ample evidence has shown that LAN impacts many...
In mammals, time and metabolism are tightly coupled variables; this relationship can be illustrated by numerous examples, such as the circadian variation in food intake or the circadian response to a glucose bolus. We review evidence that the interaction between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the arcuate nucleus plays a key role in the execution of these functions. The nuclei are reciprocally connected...
Objective
This study aimed to describe distributions of behavioral circadian disruptors in a free‐living setting among a nonshift working multiethnic population, estimate the associated risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and determine whether disruptors account for ethnic differences in T2D.
Methods
Participants from six ethnic groups were included (Amsterdam, the Netherlands; n = 1,347‐3,077 per group)...
Objective
This study aimed to determine whether children and adolescents demonstrate, similarly to adults, a threshold of total percent body fat (%BF) above which the slope of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) rises.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study included 557 youth, aged 8 to 18 years, with a wide range of BMI values. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition (including...
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